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<title>Facebook Graph Search</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Facebook Graph Search</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Graph Search" redirects here. For search problems within a general graph, see <a href="Graph_traversal" title="Graph traversal">graph traversal</a>.</div>

<p><b>Facebook Graph Search</b> was a <a href="Semantic_search" title="Semantic search">semantic search</a> engine that <a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> introduced in March 2013. It was designed to give answers to user <a href="Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language</a> queries rather than a list of links.<sup id="cite_ref-TechCrunch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name refers to the <a href="Social_graph" title="Social graph">social graph</a> nature of Facebook, which maps the relationships among users. The Graph Search feature combined the <a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">big data</a> acquired from its over one billion users and external data into a search engine providing user-specific search results. In a presentation headed by Facebook CEO <a href="Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a>, it was announced that the Graph Search algorithm finds information from within a user's network of friends. <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a> search engine provided additional results.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July it was made available to all users using the <a href="American_English" title="American English">U.S. English</a> version of Facebook.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being made less publicly visible starting December 2014, the original Graph Search was almost entirely deprecated in June 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_development">Initial development</h3></div>

<p>The feature was developed under former Google employees <a href="Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> and <a href="Tom_Stocky" title="Tom Stocky">Tom Stocky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TechCrunch_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Graph Search Features was launched in <a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Beta</a> in January 2013 as a limited preview for some English users in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_Grove_2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Grove_2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stocky-2013-01_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stocky-2013-01-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Company reports indicate that the service launched to between tens and hundreds of thousands of users.

</p><p>The feature has been released only to limited users, with a slow expansion planned. Facebook announced plans for a future mobile interface and the inclusion of Instagram photos.<sup id="cite_ref-TechCrunch_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In late September 2013, Facebook announced that it would begin rolling out search for posts and comments as part of Graph Search.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tc-post-search_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-post-search-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rollout began in October 2013, but many people who had Graph Search were not given immediate access to this feature.<sup id="cite_ref-tc-post-search_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-post-search-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A post on the Facebook Engineering blog explained that the huge amount of post and comment data, coming to a total of 700 TB, meant that developing Graph Search for posts was substantially more challenging than the original Graph Search.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_from_public_visibility_from_December_2014_onward">Removal from public visibility from December 2014 onward</h3></div>

<p>In December 2014, Facebook changed its search features, dropping partnership with Bing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, Facebook changed the way searches could be done through the website and app, obscuring some of the previous graph search functionality, but most of the functionality was still available through direct construction of the search urls.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Over the next few years, the online intelligence community, investigative journalists, and criminal investigators developed tools and practices to more effectively use Facebook Graph Search despite it not being publicly visible.<sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these, Stalkscan, received media attention.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graph.tips was a frequently used tool in the online intelligence community as an interface on top of Facebook Graph Search.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gijn_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gijn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deprecation_of_most_functionality_in_June_2019">Deprecation of most functionality in June 2019</h3></div>

<p>In early June 2019, the feature was further deprecated, with the majority of URLs for graph search queries no longer working.<sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook explained this by saying: "The vast majority of people on Facebook search using keywords, a factor which led us to pause some aspects of graph search and focus more on improving keyword search. We are working closely with researchers to make sure they have the tools they need to use our platform."<sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch-shutdown-announcement_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch-shutdown-announcement-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there was speculation that the shutdown of Graph Search may also have been motivated by <a href="Privacy_concerns_of_Facebook" class="mw-redirect" title="Privacy concerns of Facebook">privacy concerns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Many tools that depended on Facebook Graph Search, including Stalkscan and graph.tips, had much of their functionality stop working, though some tools were updated using complicated workarounds for some queries.<sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Vice</i> quoted <a href="Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a>'s Nick Waters as saying: "Now that Graph Search has gone down, it's become evident that it's used by some incredibly important section[s] of society, from human rights investigators and citizens wanting to hold their countries to account, to police investigating people trafficking and sexual slavery, to emergency responders."<sup id="cite_ref-vice-shutdown-announcement_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-shutdown-announcement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2></div>

<p>Graph Search operated by use of a <a href="Search_algorithm" title="Search algorithm">search algorithm</a> similar to traditional search engines such as Google. However, the search feature is distinguished as a semantic search engine, searching based on intended meaning. Rather than returning results based on matching keywords, the search engine is designed to match phrases, as well as objects on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Search results were based on both the content of the user and their friends’ profiles and the relationships between the user and their friends. Results were based on the friends and interests expressed on Facebook, and also shaped by users’ privacy settings. In addition to being restricted from seeing some content, users could sometimes view relevant content made publicly available by users not listed as friends.<sup id="cite_ref-facebook.com_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebook.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Entries into the search bar were auto-completed as users typed, with Facebook suggesting friends and second degree connections, Facebook pages, automatically generated topics, and Web searches for anything Facebook was not able to search for.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The operation of the search feature depended on user involvement. The feature was intended to encourage users to add more friends, more quickly. In doing so, it could provide updating, more data-rich results and stimulate use of the feature.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_Grove_2013_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Grove_2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Search_functions">Search functions</h3></div>

<p>Facebook supported searches for the following types:

</p>

<ul><li>People</li>

<li>Pages</li>

<li>Places (limitable to a specific location (latitude and longitude) and distance)</li>

<li>Check-ins of the user, friends, or where user or friends have been tagged</li>

<li>Objects with location information attached. In addition, the returned objects will be those in which the user or friends have been tagged, or those objects that were created by the user or friends.</li>

<li>Users could filter results, such as in time (since and until), or search only a given user's News feed and much more new.</li></ul>

<p>The feature also allowed users to search the web directly.<sup id="cite_ref-developers.facebook.com_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-developers.facebook.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3></div>

<p>Tom Stocky of the search team offered several examples of potential queries during the launch presentation, including,

</p>

<ul><li>"Friends who Like Star Wars and Harry Potter"</li>

<li>For setting up a potential date, "Who are single men in San Francisco and are from India"</li>

<li>For employee recruiting, "NASA employees who are friends with people at Facebook"</li>

<li>For browsing photos or planning travel, "photos of my friends taken at National Parks"<sup id="cite_ref-TechCrunch_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>During its roll-out stage, bloggers showed how Facebook Graph Search could be used to uncover potentially embarrassing information (e.g., companies employing people who like racism) or illegal interests (e.g., <a href="China" title="China">Chinese</a> residents who like the banned group <a href="Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Microsoft was partnered with Facebook to provide search results from 2008 to 2014. Microsoft Live Search came to be known as <a href="Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a> following the initiation of the partnership. In 2010, Facebook and Bing partnered to offer socially oriented search results: ‘People Search’ and ‘Liked by your Facebook Friends’ information appeared in results within Facebook and on <a href="Bing.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing.com">Bing.com</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In May 2012, Bing launched a social sidebar feature which displayed Facebook content alongside of search results. Promoted on the basis of asking friends for advice, the feature allows users to broadcast queries related to their searches to Facebook friends, and offers recommendations of Facebook friends, as well as experts from other networks who could be capable of offering insight.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The previously developed Instant Personalization feature integrated friends’ publicly available information, such as likes, into content on other external websites, such as Rotten Tomatoes and Yelp.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The emergence of the Graph Search feature builds on this partnership. Facebook content remains on Bing.com. The focus of Graph Search is internal content, but Bing continues to issue search results of external content. The external search results are based on traditional keyword-match.<sup id="cite_ref-Larepublica.pe_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larepublica.pe-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advertising">Advertising</h2></div>

<p>In 2012, Facebook introduced sponsored pages in search results. By buying "Targeted Entities" on Facebook, advertisers pay to have their page appear when users search for that entity.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook CEO Zuckerberg reported that this would remain a feature of the search feature, but that the advertising component had not been extended in the Graph Search feature.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Criticisms arose about the integrity of search results on the basis of "buying likes". This practice refers to situations in which companies, without sponsoring results, accumulate a large number of "likes" through practices such as promotions or paying to operate bot accounts. Critics argued that this rendered results allegedly based on other users’ opinions meaningless.<sup id="cite_ref-businessinsider.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Open_Graph">Open Graph</h2></div>

<p>The Open Graph feature allows developers to integrate their <a href="Application_software" title="Application software">applications</a> and pages into the Facebook platform, and links Facebook with external sites on the Internet. The feature operates by allowing the addition of <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> to turn websites into graph objects. Actions made using the app are expressed on users’ profile pages.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privacy">Privacy</h2></div>

<p>Initial reactions to the launch of Graph Search included many concerns about privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-businessinsider.com_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gonsalves,_A._2013_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonsalves,_A._2013-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The social media analytics company Crimson Hexagon reported that 19 percent of users discussing the launch of the feature were stating concerns about privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-marketingweek.co.uk_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketingweek.co.uk-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook has alluded to these concerns and emphasized that the search operates within the pre-existing privacy settings: users can access only the information already available to them.<sup id="cite_ref-facebook.com_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebook.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feature makes this information easier and potentially more appealing to find.<sup id="cite_ref-marketingweek.co.uk_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketingweek.co.uk-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Related concerns about <a href="Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing</a> and the appearance of <a href="Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minors</a> in search results have also been expressed.<sup id="cite_ref-developers.facebook.com_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-developers.facebook.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gonsalves,_A._2013_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonsalves,_A._2013-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/15/facebook-announces-its-third-pillar-graph-search/">"Facebook Announces Its Third Pillar "Graph Search" That Gives You Answers, Not Links Like Google"</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i>. 15 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTsukayama2013" class="citation news cs1">Tsukayama, Hayley (January 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/facebook-introduces-social-search-feature/2013/01/15/599c6f7e-5f3d-11e2-9940-6fc488f3fecd_story.html">"Facebook introduces social search feature"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/facebook-graph-search-bit-better-bit-scarier-mostly-just-different-6C10578730">Facebook Graph Search</a> by Rosa Golijan, NBC News, July 9, 2013</span>

</li>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRichter2013" class="citation web cs1">Richter, Michael (28 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2013/01/protecting-your-privacy-in-graph-search/">"Protecting Your Privacy in Graph Search"</a>. <i>Newsroom</i>. Facebook.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.fb.com/">Official website</a></span></span> </li></ul>

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</style><div id="Meta_Platforms99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products<br>and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Service</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Facebook_features" title="List of Facebook features">Features</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Beacon" title="Facebook Beacon">Beacon</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Bluetooth_Beacon" title="Facebook Bluetooth Beacon">Bluetooth Beacon</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Credits" title="Facebook Credits">Credits</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Dating" title="Facebook Dating">Dating</a></li>

<li><a href="EdgeRank" title="EdgeRank">EdgeRank</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Facebook_features#Facebook_Gaming" title="List of Facebook features">Gaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Instant_Articles" title="Facebook Instant Articles">Instant Articles</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Like button</a></li>

<li><a href="Lookalike_audience" title="Lookalike audience">Lookalike audience</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_onion_address" title="Facebook onion address">Onion address</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Platform</a>

<ul><li><a href="Facebook_Platform#Facebook_Connect" title="Facebook Platform">Connect</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Reels" title="Facebook Reels">Reels</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Safety_Check" title="Facebook Safety Check">Safety Check</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Stories" title="Facebook Stories">Stories</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Watch" title="Facebook Watch">Watch</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Facebook_Watch_original_programming" title="List of Facebook Watch original programming">list of original programs</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hyperlapse_(application)" title="Hyperlapse (application)">Hyperlapse</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">List of most-followed accounts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts" title="List of most-liked Instagram posts">List of most-liked pictures</a></li>

<li><a href="Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Meta_Portal" title="Meta Portal">Portal</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta_Quest" title="Meta Quest">Meta Quest</a>

<ul><li><a href="Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Quest 1</a></li>

<li><a href="Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Quest 2</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Quest 3</a></li>

<li><a href="Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Touch</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ray-Ban_Stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-Ban Stories">Ray-Ban Stories</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet.org" title="Internet.org">Free Basics</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Messenger">Messenger</a>

<li><a href="Facebook_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Messenger">Rooms</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mapillary" title="Mapillary">Mapillary</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta_Superintelligence_Labs" title="Meta Superintelligence Labs">Meta Superintelligence Labs</a></li>

<li><a href="Within_(company)" title="Within (company)">Supernatural</a></li>

<li><a href="WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_(software)" title="Workplace (software)">Workplace</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Atlas_Solutions" title="Atlas Solutions">Atlas Solutions</a></li>

<li><a href="FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li>

<li><a href="Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="HTC_First" title="HTC First">HTC First</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li>

<li><a href="Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a>

<li><a href="Onavo" title="Onavo">Onavo</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Paper" title="Facebook Paper">Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Slingshot" title="Facebook Slingshot">Slingshot</a></li>

<li><a href="Wirehog" title="Wirehog">Wirehog</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (28% equity)</li>

<li><a href="Dustin_Moskovitz" title="Dustin Moskovitz">Dustin Moskovitz</a> (7%)</li>

<li><a href="Eduardo_Saverin" title="Eduardo Saverin">Eduardo Saverin</a> (<i>5%, formerly</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Chris_Hughes" title="Chris Hughes">Chris Hughes</a> (<i>1%, formerly</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Andrew_McCollum" title="Andrew McCollum">Andrew McCollum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li>

<li><a href="John_D._Arnold" title="John D. Arnold">John D. Arnold</a></li>

<li><a href="Patrick_Collison" title="Patrick Collison">Patrick Collison</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Elkann" title="John Elkann">John Elkann</a></li>

<li><a href="Drew_Houston" title="Drew Houston">Drew Houston</a></li>

<li><a href="Nancy_Killefer" title="Nancy Killefer">Nancy Killefer</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_M._Kimmitt" title="Robert M. Kimmitt">Robert M. Kimmitt</a></li>

<li><a href="Dina_Powell" title="Dina Powell">Dina Powell</a></li>

<li><a href="Dana_White" title="Dana White">Dana White</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br>officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li>

<li><a href="Javier_Olivan" title="Javier Olivan">Javier Olivan</a> (COO)</li>

<li><a href="Andrew_Bosworth" title="Andrew Bosworth">Andrew Bosworth</a> (CTO)</li>

<li><a href="Chris_Cox_(manager)" title="Chris Cox (manager)">Chris Cox</a> (CPO)</li>

<li><a href="Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> (President of Global Affairs)</li>

<li><a href="Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead" title="Jennifer Gillian Newstead">Jennifer Newstead</a> (Chief Legal Officer)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a> (<i>4%, formerly</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Owen_Van_Natta" title="Owen Van Natta">Owen Van Natta</a></li>

<li><a href="Gideon_Yu" title="Gideon Yu">Gideon Yu</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_D'Angelo" title="Adam D'Angelo">Adam D'Angelo</a></li>

<li><a href="Chris_Kelly_(entrepreneur)" title="Chris Kelly (entrepreneur)">Chris Kelly</a></li>

<li><a href="Bret_Taylor" title="Bret Taylor">Bret Taylor</a></li>

<li><a href="Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Mike_Schroepfer" title="Mike Schroepfer">Mike Schroepfer</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Wehner" title="David Wehner">David Wehner</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Ebersman" title="David Ebersman">David Ebersman</a></li>

<li><a href="Marne_Levine" title="Marne Levine">Marne Levine</a></li>

<li><a href="Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Oversight_Board_(Meta)" title="Oversight Board (Meta)">Oversight<br>Board</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catalina_Botero_Marino" title="Catalina Botero Marino">Catalina Botero Marino</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Jamal_Greene" title="Jamal Greene">Jamal Greene</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Afia_Asantewaa_Asare-Kyei" title="Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei">Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Evelyn_Aswad" title="Evelyn Aswad">Evelyn Aswad</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Endy_Bayuni" title="Endy Bayuni">Endy Bayuni</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Katherine_Chen" title="Katherine Chen">Katherine Chen</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Nighat_Dad" title="Nighat Dad">Nighat Dad</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Maina_Kiai" title="Maina Kiai">Maina Kiai</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Sudhir_Krishnaswamy" title="Sudhir Krishnaswamy">Sudhir Krishnaswamy</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Ronaldo_Lemos" title="Ronaldo Lemos">Ronaldo Lemos</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Julie_Owono" title="Julie Owono">Julie Owono</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Emi_Palmor" title="Emi Palmor">Emi Palmor</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Andr%C3%A1s_Saj%C3%B3" title="András Sajó">András Sajó</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="John_Samples" title="John Samples">John Samples</a> (2020–)</li>

<li>Nicolas Suzor (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Suzanne_Nossel" title="Suzanne Nossel">Suzanne Nossel</a> (2021–)</li>

<li>Khaled Mansour (2022–)</li>

<li>Pamela San Martin (2022–)</li>

<li>Paolo Carozza (2022–)</li>

<li><a href="Kenji_Yoshino" title="Kenji Yoshino">Kenji Yoshino</a> (2023–)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br>Trustees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stephen_Neal_(lawyer)" title="Stephen Neal (lawyer)">Stephen Neal</a>, Chair (2021–)</li>

<li>Kristina Arriaga (2020–)</li>

<li>Cherine Chalaby (2020–)</li>

<li>Wanda Felton (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Kate_O'Regan" title="Kate O'Regan">Kate O'Regan</a> (2020–)</li>

<li><a href="Robert_Post_(law_professor)" title="Robert Post (law professor)">Robert Post</a> (2020–)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br>members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pamela_S._Karlan" title="Pamela S. Karlan">Pamela S. Karlan</a> (Board Member, 2020–2021)</li>

<li><a href="Paul_G._Haaga_Jr." title="Paul G. Haaga Jr.">Paul G. Haaga Jr.</a> (Board of Trustees Chair, 2020–2021)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br>employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> (Graph Search director)</li>

<li><a href="Naomi_Gleit" title="Naomi Gleit">Naomi Gleit</a> (VP of social good)</li>

<li><a href="Nicola_Mendelsohn" title="Nicola Mendelsohn">Nicola Mendelsohn</a> (head of Global Business Group)</li>

<li><a href="Adam_Mosseri" title="Adam Mosseri">Adam Mosseri</a> (head of Instagram)</li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a> (<a href="Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a> director)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Blake_Ross" title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a> (Director of Product)</li>

<li><a href="Ted_Ullyot" title="Ted Ullyot">Ted Ullyot</a> (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)</li>

<li><a href="Hugo_Barra" title="Hugo Barra">Hugo Barra</a> (VP of <a href="Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li>

<li><a href="John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (CTO of <a href="Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Matt_Cohler" title="Matt Cohler">Matt Cohler</a></li>

<li><a href="Charlie_Cheever" title="Charlie Cheever">Charlie Cheever</a></li>

<li><a href="Randi_Zuckerberg" title="Randi Zuckerberg">Randi Zuckerberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Yishan_Wong" title="Yishan Wong">Yishan Wong</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li>

<li><a href="Joe_Lockhart" title="Joe Lockhart">Joe Lockhart</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrei_Alexandrescu" title="Andrei Alexandrescu">Andrei Alexandrescu</a> (research scientist)</li>

<li><a href="Chamath_Palihapitiya" title="Chamath Palihapitiya">Chamath Palihapitiya</a> (VP of User Growth)</li>

<li><a href="Elliot_Schrage" title="Elliot Schrage">Elliot Schrage</a> (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)</li>

<li><a href="Frances_Haugen" title="Frances Haugen">Frances Haugen</a> (Product Manager of Civic Integrity Team)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Hive" title="Apache Hive">Apache Hive</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Apache Thrift</a></li>

<li><a href="HipHop_for_PHP" title="HipHop for PHP">HipHop for PHP</a></li>

<li><a href="Infer_Static_Analyzer" title="Infer Static Analyzer">Infer</a></li>

<li><a href="MyRocks" title="MyRocks">MyRocks</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Compute_Project" title="Open Compute Project">Open Compute Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phabricator</a></li>

<li><a href="React_(software)" title="React (software)">React</a></li>

<li><a href="React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li>

<li><a href="RocksDB" title="RocksDB">RocksDB</a></li>

<li><a href="Scribe_(log_server)" title="Scribe (log server)">Scribe</a></li>

<li><a href="Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Facebook_Effect" title="The Facebook Effect">The Facebook Effect</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Accidental_Billionaires" title="The Accidental Billionaires">The Accidental Billionaires</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Great_Hack" title="The Great Hack">The Great Hack</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Careless_People" title="Careless People">Careless People</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_graph" title="Social graph">Social graph</a></li>

<li><a href="Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">Friending and following</a></li>

<li><a href="Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li>

<li><a href="Fan-gating" title="Fan-gating">Fan-gating</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_diplomacy#Facebook_diplomacy" title="Digital diplomacy">Facebook diplomacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Facebook like button</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Facebook" title="History of Facebook">History of Facebook</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_Instagram" title="Timeline of Instagram">Timeline of Instagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_WhatsApp" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of WhatsApp">Timeline of WhatsApp</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms">Acquisitions</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_F8" title="Facebook F8">f8 conference</a></li>

<li><a href="Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Censorship</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_Facebook" title="Criticism of Facebook">Criticism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li>

<li><a href="2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts" title="2020 Facebook ad boycotts">2020 ad boycotts</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_Facebook_leak" title="2021 Facebook leak">2021 company files leak</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook" title="Privacy concerns with Facebook">Privacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_content_management_controversies" title="Facebook content management controversies">Content management</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms" title="Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms">Litigation</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Young_v._Facebook%2C_Inc." title="Young v. Facebook, Inc.">Young v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li>

<li><i><a href="Fraley_v._Facebook%2C_Inc." title="Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.">Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2016)</li>

<li><i><a href="Force_v._Facebook%2C_Inc." title="Force v. Facebook, Inc.">Force v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li>

<li><i><a href="Facebook%2C_Inc._v._Duguid" title="Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid">Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid</a></i> (2021)</li>

<li><i><a href="Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</a></i> (ongoing)</li>

<li><a href="Meta_and_unions" title="Meta and unions">unionization</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_most-followed_Facebook_pages" title="List of most-followed Facebook pages">Most-followed Facebook pages</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Priscilla_Chan" title="Priscilla Chan">Priscilla Chan</a> (wife of Mark Zuckerberg)</li>

<li><a href="Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Facebook_Aquila" title="Facebook Aquila">Aquila Internet relay drone</a></li>

<li><a href="Willow_Village" title="Willow Village">Willow Village</a></li>

<li><a href="WaveGroup_Sound" title="WaveGroup Sound">WaveGroup Sound</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_Facebook_outage" title="2021 Facebook outage">2021 Facebook outage</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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